视野
1. 引言:变革管理案例
随着企业加大在数字化转型方面的投资力度,作为确保投资获得回报的关键因素,变革管理已然成为企业关注的焦点。然而,实施变革的企业不仅经常面临着战略和执行之间的偏差问题,同时还面临着收集资源和坚定地实现变革等方面的挑战。在本期《视野》中,Thoughtworks的专家剖析了变革管理的一些常见错误观念,同时就如何践行变革提供了相关建议,并且介绍了一些最佳实践,以帮助企业持续落实变革,而这常常是一个难以达成的目标。
确保变革成功的真正秘诀
“在推动贵公司成功实现现代化/数字化转型方面,以下各因素分别发挥了多大作用?”
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来源: Forrester / Thoughtworks
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“变革管理计划不仅仅是将变革作为计划中的一系列活动或者一个项目进行管理,而是将其作为一个企业孜孜以求的使命。”
Dee Wauchope
Thoughtworks企业转型负责人
2.确定变革管理的必要性并且树立明确的期望
变革管理不应局限于特定规模或成本的项目。任何妨碍员工充分参与企业变革的行为或组织架构挑战都可以表明,企业需要一个正式的计划来激发新思维,消除阻碍变革取得切实成果的错误观念。过去20年来,随着企业组织架构和员工期望的变化,变革管理实践也已经从自上而下的方法发展为很多敏捷方法,以适应各种更加灵活的工作方式。
变革管理的常见错误观念
1. 只要实施新技术即可解决相应问题
2. 整个变革管理过程完全由项目团队单独负责
3. 需要确定一个具体的截止日期
4. 可以快速推进变革
5. 变革管理只不过是一种沟通计划
6. 员工参与变革的体验呈线性发展
7. 投资回报率并非首要考虑因素
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“企业不应将变革局限于实现某个最终目标,然后就宣告变革结束,而应更进一步,让企业员工做好持续进行变革的准备,对于大多数企业而言,变革都是持续性的。”
Peter Barnes
Thoughtworks领域专家
3. 在变革管理方面争取支持
向合适层级的人员推介变革管理计划,以便获得必要的支持和关注(哪怕尚未全面制定正式的计划),这是确保变革实现最终目标的一项重要举措。正确的支持者不仅有助于确保计划获得充足的资金,还可以有效地激励员工,在极有可能颇为艰辛的变革历程中发挥榜样作用,不断鼓舞士气。变革包含三个关键阶段,即准备、执行和强化,必须有坚定的支持来引导相关人员顺利完成这三个阶段。
支持者发挥的作用,将直接影响变革管理计划能否成功
支持者发挥的作用与实现目标之间的相关性
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来源: Prosci
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“支持是决定变革管理工作成败的首要因素。”
Kiran Rouzie
Thoughtworks北美技术战略主管
4. 准备阶段:通过公开对话做好准备工作
在变革管理过程中,如果准备不充分,则会导致变革遭到抵制。企业可以采取相应措施,争取在变革管理计划正式启动之前,确保获得相关人员的支持,以避免发生这种情况。在启动变革管理计划之前,以及在整个变革管理计划过程中,员工提出的反馈意见始终是推动变革管理的重要资源。企业有责任构建一个确保员工获得心理安全感的空间和沟通渠道,确保变革领导者和员工之间能够公开真诚地进行沟通交流。
若能与负责变革的领导者进行有效的沟通交流,将有助于提高员工的敬业度和信心,减少倦怠,降低压力。
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来源: Gallup
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“只有那些真正希望为员工、客户和自身做正确事情的企业,才能成功实现变革”
Dee Wauchope
Thoughtworks企业转型负责人
5. 执行阶段:保持变革与衡量成功
如果无法赋能员工去积极主动参与变革,那么在技术层面的转型完成之后,就无法继续稳步推进变革管理计划。确保变革管理计划获得支持的最佳方法是明确展示变革管理计划的价值。通过制定“快速制胜”的目标,企业不仅可为进一步的变革创造驱动力,还有助于识别并评估与业务目标有关的各种成功因素,可以明确企业在各个层面正在进行的变革情况。
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“大规模的‘瀑布式’自上而下变革经常失败的原因是人们在变革旅途中迷失了方向,因而无法到达终点。另一方面,敏捷的方法或迭代方法可以帮助企业在多个层面上密切检测变革情况,并及时进行相应调整。”
Peter Barnes
Thoughtworks领域专家
6. 强化阶段:从变革管理过渡到嵌入式变革
企业落实新技术和流程后,很容易忽视构建必要机制来加强这些技术和流程。然而,这样会导致在变革管理计划完成后,团队很容易又恢复旧的工作方式。为此,我们需要采取一系列有针对性的措施,比如培训合适的人员来担任变革代理人以持续推动变革,以及继续采用变革管理计划刚开始时制定的成功指标,以便企业继续衡量变革进展情况,这样就可以实现变革常态化,强化企业的长期适应能力。
将新的变革融入日常流程中,为成功转型铺平道路
提高变革成功的可能性
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来源: McKinsey
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“当企业丧失继续推进变革的动力和活力时,采取强化措施是推动企业继续变革的关键。”
Kiran Rouzie
Thoughtworks北美技术战略主管
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